Surveying basic, classification of surveying| primary, secondry classification| plane, Geodetic surveying

Surveying

Surveying is the art of determining the relative position of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distance between them and by preparing a map to any suitable scale.

Thus in this discipline the measurements are taken only in the horizontal plane.

Objects of surveying

1.The aim of surveying to show a relative position of different objects on the surface of the earth. The map is drawn to some suitable scale.

2. It shows the natural features of a country. such as town, villages, roads, railway, rivers etc.

3. Map may also include details of different engineering works such as roads, irrigation canal, railway etc.

4. To determine the boundries of the country.

Classification of surveying

1 Primary classification:

Surveying is primarily classified as under

a. Plane surveying: We know that the shape of earth is spheroidal. Thus the surface of the earth obviously curved.

In plane surveying the curvature of the earth is not taken in consideration. This is because plane surveying is carried out over small area. So that the surface of the earth considered plane. Plane surveying is done on an area of less than 260 km^{2 (100 square miles).}

Plane surveying is conducted by state agencies like the irrigation department, railway department.

b. Geodetic surveying: In geodetic surveying the surface of the earth taken into consideration. It is an extended over a large area. Geodetic surveying is carried out over a area exceeding than 250 km²

^{Geodetic surveying is conducted by the survey of India Department.}

They are also known as trigonometric survey because they involves the knowledge of trigonometry during different operation.

2. Secondary classification:

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